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Kosmos 954
Kosmos 954 ((ロシア語:Космос 954)) was a reconnaissance satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1977. A malfunction prevented safe separation of its onboard nuclear reactor; when the satellite reentered the Earth's atmosphere the following year, it scattered radioactive debris over northern Canada, prompting an extensive cleanup operation.〔〔
==Launch and operation==
The satellite was part of the Soviet Union's RORSAT programme, a series of reconnaissance satellites which observed ocean traffic, including surface vessels and nuclear submarines, using active radar.〔 It was assigned the Kosmos number 954 and was launched on September 18, 1977 at 13:55 UTC from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, on a Tsyklon-2 carrier rocket.〔 With an orbital inclination of 65°, a periapsis of and apoapsis of , it orbited the Earth every 89.5 minutes.〔 Powered by a liquid sodium-potassium thermionic converter driven by a nuclear reactor containing around of uranium-235, the satellite was intended for long-term on-orbit observation, but by December 1977 the satellite had deviated from its designed orbit and its flightpath was becoming increasingly erratic. In mid-December North American Aerospace Defense Command, which had assigned the satellite the Satellite Catalog Number 10361, noticed Kosmos 954 making erratic manoeuvres, changing the altitude of its orbit by up to 50 miles, as its Soviet operators struggled to control their failing spacecraft. In secret meetings Soviet officials warned their US counterparts that they had lost control over the vehicle, and that the system which was intended to propel the spent reactor core into a safe disposal orbit had failed.〔
At 11:53 AM GMT on January 24, 1978 Kosmos 954 reentered the Earth's atmosphere while travelling on a northeastward track over western Canada.〔 At first the USSR claimed that the satellite had been completely destroyed during re-entry,〔 but later searches showed debris from the satellite had been deposited on Canadian territory along a path from Great Slave Lake〔 to Baker Lake. The area spans portions of the Northwest Territories, present-day Nunavut, Alberta and Saskatchewan.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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